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မ်က္ျမင္သက္ေသမ်ား ေျပာျပသည့္ျမန္မာမြတ္စ္လင္မ္ မ်ားအစုလုိက္အျပံဳလိုက္သတ္ျဖတ္ခံရမႈ Witnesses tell of organized killings of Myanmar Muslims   

SPECIAL REPORT – Part (5) “အထူးသတင္းေပးပုိ႔ခ်က္” အပုိင္း(၅) ေနာက္ဆုံးအပုိင္း

Witnesses tell of organized killings of Myanmar Muslims

(မ်က္ျမင္သက္ေသမ်ား ေျပာျပသည့္ ျမန္မာမြတ္စ္လင္မ္မ်ား အစုလုိက္အျပံဳလိုက္ သတ္ျဖတ္ခံရမႈ)
“HOT ETHNIC NATIONALISM”
“ပူေလာင္ေသာ လူမ်ဳိးစု အမ်ဳိးသားေရးဝါဒ”
The last spasm of violence took place at Kyauktaw, a town north of the state capital, Sittwe. At that point, the military shot into the crowd – and, for the first time, killed the Buddhists it had long been accused of siding with.
ျပည္နယ္ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္စစ္ေတြ၏ ေျမာက္ဘက္ရွိ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ေနာက္ဆုံးအၾကမ္းဖက္မႈျဖစ္ပြားခ့ဲသည္။ ဤအၾကမ္းဖက္မႈတြင္မွ စစ္တပ္က လူအုပ္ထဲသုိ႔ ေသနတ္ျဖင့္ ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္ ပစ္ခတ္ခဲ့သည္။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္မ်ား ေသဆုံးသည္။
Soldiers opened fire to prevent Rakhine villagers on two boats from storming a Rohingya Muslim community, said Aung Kyaw Min, a 28-year-old Rakhine from Taung Bwe with a bullet in his leg. “I don’t know why the military shot at us,” he said. Two people died and 10 were wounded, villagers said.

႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာအုပ္စုမ်ား၏ ေလွမ်ားကုိ ဝင္တုိက္သည့္ ရခုိင္ရြာသားမ်ား၏ ေလွႏွစ္စီးကုိ စစ္သားမ်ားက ပစ္ခတ္၍တားဆီးခ့ဲသည္ဟု ေျခေထာက္တြင္ က်ည္ဆံထိထားသူ ေတာင္ဘြဲရြာမွ အသက္(၂၈)ႏွစ္အရြယ္ ေအာင္ေက်ာ္မင္းက ေျပာသည္။ “စစ္တပ္က ကၽြန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ဘာေၾကာင့္ပစ္မွန္း ကၽြန္ေတာ္မသိဘူး”လုိ႔ သူကေျပာသည္။ ႏွစ္ေယာက္ေသၿပီး ဆယ္ေယာက္ ဒဏ္ရာ ရေၾကာင္း ရြာသားမ်ားကေျပာျပသည္။
In a separate incident the same day, security forces shot at Rakhines on Kyauktaw’s outskirts, killing two and wounding four, a witness told Reuters.
တစ္ေန႔တည္းမွာပဲ တစ္ျခားတစ္ေနရာတြင္လည္း ျဖစ္ပြားခ့ဲသည္။ ေက်ာက္ေတာၿမိဳ႕၏ဆင္ေျခဖုံးတြင္ လုံျခံဳေရးတပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ား၏ ပစ္ခတ္မႈေၾကာင့္ ရခုိင္ႏွစ္ဦးေသ၍ ေလးဦးဒဏ္ရာရေၾကာင္း မ်က္ျမင္သက္ေသမ်ားက ႐ုိက္တာသတင္းေထာက္ကုိေျပာသည္။
The shootings seemed to send a message to the mobs. The violence stopped that day.
ပစ္ခတ္ႏွိမ္ႏွင္းသည့္သတင္းကုိ အၾကမ္းဖက္အုပ္စုမ်ား သိရွိသြားပုံရသည္။ အဲဒီေန႔မွာပဲ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈ ရပ္တန္႔သြားခ့ဲသည္။
The senior police officer in Naypyitaw acknowledged that police were forced to fire at both Muslims and Rakhines in their attempts to subdue large crowds.
ေနျပည္ေတာ္မွ အႀကီးတန္းရဲအရာရွိက မြတ္စ္လင္မ္ႏွင့္ ရခုိင္ႏွစ္ဖက္စလုံးမွ ျပႆနာႀကီးမားေအာင္ႀကိဳးပမ္းသူမ်ားအား ပစ္ခတ္ႏွိမ္နင္းရန္အတြက္ ရဲမ်ားအားအမိန္႔ေပး ထားၿပီးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း   ေျပာသည္။
The official death toll from the October violence now stood at 89. The real toll could be higher. The extent of the killing at Yin Thei village remains unclear. Reports persist that scores of Muslims fleeing Pauktaw drowned after Rakhines rammed their boat. Nearly 4,700 homes were destroyed in 42 villages.
တရားဝင္ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္အရ ေအာက္တုိဘာလ အၾကမ္းဖက္တုိက္ခုိက္မႈတြင္ (၈၉)ေယာက္ေသဆုံးခ့ဲသည္။ အမွန္တကယ္ ေသဆုံးသူ ဒီထက္ပုိမ်ားႏုိင္သည္။ “ရင္းသဲ”ရြာတြင္ သတ္ျဖတ္ခံရမႈပမာဏမွာ မရွင္းလင္း မေရရာေသးပါ။ ေပါက္ေတာမွထြက္ေျပးသည့္ မြတ္စ္လင္မ္မ်ား၏ေလွမ်ားကုိ ရခုိင္မ်ားလုိက္လံ တုိက္ခုိက္ဖ်က္ဆီးသည့္ အတြက္ ေရနစ္ေသ ဆုံးခ့ဲၾကေၾကာင္း မွတ္တမ္းမ်ားရွိသည္။ရြာ(၄၂)ရြာတြင္ အိမ္ေျခေပါင္း(၄၇ဝဝ)နီးပါး ဖ်က္ဆီးခံခ့ဲရသည္။
In a statement that Thursday, President Thein Sein warned that the “persons and organizations” behind the Rakhine State violence would be exposed and prosecuted. The mobs were well-organized and led by core instigators, some of whom moved village to village, military sources told Reuters.
ၾကာသပေတးေန႔က ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္တြင္ သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္က “ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈတြင္ ေနာက္ကြယ္မွႀကိဳးကုိင္သည့္ လူပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားႏွင့္ အဖြဲ႕အစည္း မ်ားကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ ၍အေရးယူ မည္ဟု ေၾကညာသည္။ ဆူပူေသာလူစုကုိ ေကာင္းစြာစုစည္း၍ ၄င္းတုိ႔ကုိ အမာခံႏႈိးေဆာ္သူမ်ားက တစ္ရြာၿပီးတစ္ရြာသြားကာ ဦးေဆာင္ခ့ဲၾက သည္ဟု စစ္ဖက္က ႐ုိက္တာကုိေျပာသည္။
In Kyaukphyu, however, police have so far arrested only seven people – six of them for looting. In Mrauk-U township, where most killings occurred, only 14 people have been arrested, said the military intelligence officer. The apparent impunity of the instigators is sending a chilling message to Muslim communities across Myanmar.
ေက်ာက္ျဖဴတြင္ ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိ လူခုနစ္ဦးကုိသာ ရဲကဖမ္းဆီးခ့ဲသည္။ ၄င္းတုိ႔အနက္ ေျခာက္ဦးသည္ ပစၥည္းလုယက္သူမ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ လူသတ္မႈအမ်ားဆုံးျဖစ္ပြားခ့ဲသည့္ ေျမာက္ဦးၿမိဳ႕တြင္ လူ(၁၄)ဦးကုိသာလွ်င္ ဖမ္းဆီးရေသးသည္ဟု တပ္မေတာ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး အရာရွိကေျပာသည္။ ဤက့ဲသုိ႔ ေသြးထုိးလႈံ႕ေဆာ္ ျပစ္မႈက်ဴးလြန္သူမ်ားကုိ ဒဏ္မခတ္ျခင္း သည္ ျမန္မာျပည္ အႏွံ႔ရွိ မြတ္စ္လင္မ္ လူ႔အစုအေဝးအား ပူပန္ေသာကျဖစ္ေစသည္။
The intelligence officer, who has direct knowledge of the state’s security operations, identified the suspected ringleaders as Rakhine extremists with ties to the Rakhine Nationalities Development Party, or RNDP, which was set up to contest Myanmar’s 2010 general election. He didn’t name any suspects. Buddhist monks stoked the unrest with anti-Muslim rhetoric, he added.
ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္၏ လုံျခံဳေရးတာဝန္မ်ားကုိ တုိက္႐ုိက္ကုိင္တြယ္ေနရသူ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအရာရွိတစ္ဦးက “အေရးအခင္းကုိ ႀကိဳးကုိင္ေနသူ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားသည္ (၂ဝ၁ဝ)ခုႏွစ္ အေထြေထြေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ တြင္ ပါဝင္ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္ခ့ဲေသာ ရခုိင္အမ်ဳိးသားမ်ားတုိးတက္ေရးပါတီ (RNDP)မွ ရခုိင္အစြန္းေရာက္မ်ားျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေျပာသည္။ သူက ၄င္းတုိ႔၏အမည္မ်ားကုိ မေဖာ္ျပခ့ဲပါ။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးမ်ားက မြတ္စ္လင္မ္ဆန္႔က်င္ေရး စကားလုံးမ်ားကုိ အာဝဇၨန္းရႊင္စြာ ေျပာဆုိလႈံ႕ေဆာ္ၾကျခင္းျဖင့္ အေရးအခင္းကုိ ပုိမုိျပင္းထန္ေစခ့ဲသည္။
RNDP Secretary-General Oo Hla Saw denied that his party organized any mobs. But he acknowledged the possible involvement of supporters, low-level officials and “moderate monks who become radical when they think about Muslims.”
RNDPပါတီ၏ အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမွဴးဦးလွေစာက အေရးအခင္းတြင္ မိမိတုိ႔ပါတီပါဝင္သည္ဆုိသည္ကုိ ျငင္းဆုိေသာ္လည္း မိမိတုိ႔အား ေထာက္ခံသူမ်ားႏွင့္ အဖြဲ႕အစည္းေအာက္ေျခမွ လူမ်ားပါဝင္သည္ကုိမူ မျငင္းဆုိပါ။ “မြတ္စ္လင္မ္မ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ေသြးထုိးျခင္းခံရတ့ဲအခါမွာ အလယ္အလတ္လမ္းစဥ္ရွိေသာဘုန္းႀကီးမ်ားဟာ တစ္ယူသန္အစြန္းေရာက္ မ်ား ျဖစ္လာ ခ့ဲၾကသည္။”
Oo Hla Saw blamed local authorities for failing to heed rumors of impending violence, and Islamist radicals for inflaming tensions. For many Rakhines, he adds, the term Rohingya has jihadist overtones associated with the “Mujahid,” autonomy-seeking rebels in northern Rakhine State from 1949 to 1961, who called themselves ethnic Rohingya. (Independent historians say the rebels did popularize the term “Rohingya,” but cite a few references to it since the 18th century.)
ျဖစ္အ့ံေသာအေရးအခင္းႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္သည့္ ေကာလာဟလမ်ားကုိ ဂ႐ုမစုိက္သည့္ ေဒသဆုိင္ရာအာဏာပုိင္မ်ားႏွင့္ တင္းမာမႈကုိ မီးေမႊးေပးသည့္ အစၥလာမ္အစြန္းေရာက္မ်ားကုိ ဦးလွေစာက အျပစ္ေျပာသည္။ ရခုိင္မ်ားအတြက္ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာဟူသည့္ အသုံးအႏႈန္းသည္ (၁၉၄၉ မွ ၁၉၆၁)ထိ ကုိယ္ပုိင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးေတာင္းဆုိခ့ဲသည့္ “မူဂ်ာဟစ္”တုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဆက္ႏြယ္ေနသည္ဟု အထင္ေရာက္ေစသည္။ “မူဂ်ာဟစ္”မ်ားက သူတုိ႔ကုိသူတုိ႔ “႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာတုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ား”ဟု ေခၚခ့ဲသည္ဟု သူကဆက္ေျပာသည္။
Even today, Oo Hla Saw said, the Rohingya want “to set up an autonomous Islamic community. They are systematically scheming to do that.”
ယေန႔ထိတုိင္ေအာင္ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားသည္ အစၥလာမ္ကုိယ္ပုိင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ရေဒသေတာင္းဆုိေနသည္။ သူတုိ႔သည္ ဒီကိစၥကုိ စနစ္တက် စီမံေဆာင္ရြက္ေနသည္ဟု ဦးလွေစာကေျပာသည္။
Most Rohingya struggle simply to get by. A 2010 survey by the French group Action Against Hunger found a malnutrition rate of 20 percent, far above the emergency threshold set by the World Health Organization.
႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာအမ်ားစုသည္ ကမာၻ႔က်န္းမာေရးအဖြဲ႕က အေရးေပၚအေျခအေနအတြက္ သတ္မွတ္ခ်က္အဆင့္ႏွင့္ ေဝးကြာေနၿပီး (၂ဝ)ရာခုိင္ႏႈန္း အာဟာရခ်ဳိ႕တ့ဲေနေၾကာင္း ျပင္သစ္ႏုိင္ငံမွ Action Against Hunger အဖြဲ႕၏ (၂ဝ၁ဝ)ခုႏွစ္ ကြင္းဆင္းေလ့လာခ်က္က ေဖာ္ျပသည္။
Many arrived as laborers from Bangladesh under British rule in the 19th century – grounds the government now uses to deny them citizenship. Rohingya were effectively rendered stateless under the 1982 Citizenship Law, which excluded them from the list of indigenous ethnic groups. Officials refer to them as Bengalis. Most Rohingya found it hard to apply for naturalized citizenship, since they couldn’t speak Burmese or prove long-term residence.
႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားသည္ (၁၉)ရာစု ၿဗိတိသွ်အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးကာလတြင္ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ရွ္မွ အလုပ္လုပ္ရန္အတြက္ ဝင္ေရာက္လာသူမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္ဟုဆုိကာ အစုိးရက ႏုိင္ငံသားအျဖစ္ကုိ ျငင္းဆုိသည္။ (၁၉၈၂)ခုႏွစ္ ႏုိင္ငံသားဥပေဒကုိျပ႒ာန္းၿပီး ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားကုိ ႏုိင္ငံမ့ဲျဖစ္ေစခ့ဲၿပီး တုိင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ဳိးစုစာရင္းမွလည္း ဖယ္ခ့ဲသည္။ သူတုိ႔ကုိ ဘဂၤလီမ်ားအျဖစ္ တရားဝင္ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေျပာ ဆုိသည္။ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာအမ်ားစုကုိ ဗမာစကားမေျပာတတ္သည့္အတြက္ေၾကာင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေရွးကာလကပင္ေနထုိင္ခ့ဲသည့္ အေထာက္အထား မျပႏုိင္သည့္ အတြက္ေၾကာင့္ လည္းေကာင္း ဧည့္ႏုိင္ငံသားအဆင့္ပင္ မေပးေတာ့ပါ။
Monks, symbols of democracy during 2007 protests against military rule, have helped fuel the outrage against Muslims. A week before the violence erupted, monks led nationwide protests against plans by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the world’s biggest Islamic body, to set up a liaison office in Rakhine State.
(၂ဝဝ၇)ခုႏွစ္ စစ္အစုိးရဆန္႔က်င္ေရးႏွင့္ ဒီမုိကေရစီေရး သေကၤတမ်ား ျဖစ္ခ့ဲသည့္ ဘုန္းႀကီးမ်ားကလည္း မြတ္စ္လင္မ္ ဆန္႔က်င္ေရးကုိ အားေပးအားေျမႇာက္ျပဳခ့ဲၾကသည္။ အၾကမ္းဖက္ မႈမေပၚေပါက္မီတစ္ပတ္က ဘုန္းႀကီးမ်ားဦးေဆာင္၍ ကမာၻ႔အႀကီးဆုံး အစၥလာမ္အစုအေဝးျဖစ္သည့္ အစၥလာမ္ႏိုင္ငံမ်ားပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ေရးအဖြဲ႔ (OIC)က ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္တြင္ ဆက္သြယ္ေရး႐ုံး ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္စီစဥ္ခ့ဲသည့္အတြက္ (OIC)ကုိ တစ္ႏုိင္ငံလုံးအႏွံ႔ ဆန္႔က်င္ဆႏၵျပရန္ စီစဥ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ့ဲသည္။
An anti-OIC rally in Sittwe on October 15 “angered Muslims here,” conceded Nyar Nar, 32, one of the Rakhine monks who led it. He regards Muslims as foreign invaders. “As monks, we have morality and ethics,” he said. “But if outsiders come to occupy our land, then we will take up swords to protect it.”
ေအာက္တုိဘာလ(၁၅)ရက္ေန႔ စစ္ေတြမွာ OIC ဆန္႔က်င္ေရးအတြက္ စု႐ုံးျခင္းဟာ ဒီမွာရွိတ့ဲ မြတ္စ္လင္မ္ေတြကုိ ေဒါသျဖစ္ေစခ့ဲေၾကာင္း ဆႏၵျပပြဲကုိဦးေဆာင္တ့ဲ အသက္(၃၂)ႏွစ္အရြယ္ရွိ ရခုိင္ဘုန္းႀကီးတစ္ပါးျဖစ္တ့ဲ ဦးဉာဏက ေျပာသည္။ က်ဴးေက်ာ္ဝင္ေရာက္လာသည့္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားသား မြတ္စ္လင္မ္မ်ားကုိ သူေစာင့္ၾကည့္မည္။ က်ဳပ္တုိ႔ဆီမွာ ရဟန္းဝိနည္းရွိေပမယ့္ က်ဳပ္တုိ႔နုိင္ငံကုိ သိမ္းပုိက္လာမယ္ဆုိရင္ေတာ့ ကာကြယ္ဖုိ႔ ဓားဆြဲရမွာပဲလုိ႔ သူကေျပာသည္။
In some parts of the state, the mood is celebratory. “This is the best time because there are no Muslims here,” said Zaw Min Oo, a Rakhine shoe seller in Pauktaw township. Nearly 95 percent of a 20,000-strong Muslim community there is now gone.
ျပည္နယ္၏ အခ်ဳိ႕ေနရာမ်ားတြင္ အၾကမ္းဖက္သမားမ်ား ေအာင္ပြဲခံၾကသည္။ “ဒီအခ်ိန္က အေကာင္းဆုံးအခ်ိန္ပဲ။ ဘာလုိ႔လဲဆုိေတာ့ မြတ္စ္လင္မ္ေတြမရွိၾကေတာ့လုိ႔ဘဲ” ဟု ေပါက္ေတာၿမိဳ႕ တြင္ ဖိနပ္ေရာင္းေသာ ေဇာ္မင္းဦးက ေျပာသည္။ ေဒသခံမြတ္စ္လင္မ္ဦးေရ (၂ဝဝဝဝ)ခန္႔အနက္ (၉၅%)ေသာသူမ်ားသည္ ထြက္သြားခ့ဲၿပီးျဖစ္သည္။
The peace might be short-lived. The state’s clumsy attempts at segregation helped create the conditions for the October violence. Further segregation – including the confining of tens of thousands of Muslims in seething camps – could spark more violence. Curfews remain in force across much of Rakhine State.
ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးသည္ သက္တမ္းတုိေကာင္း တုိလိမ့္မည္။ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရ၏ ေထာ္ေလာ္ကန္႔လန္႔ႏုိင္ေသာ ခြဲျခားသတ္မွတ္ေရးႀကိဳး ပမ္းမႈက ေအာက္တုိဘာ အေရးအခင္း ကုိ ျဖစ္ေစ ခ့ဲသည္။ ေသာင္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသာ မြတ္စ္လင္မ္မ်ားကုိခေနာ္ခနဲ႔ႏုိ္င္ေသာစခန္းမ်ားတြင္ထားရွိျခင္းက့ဲသုိ႔ေသာခြဲျခားသတ္မွတ္ျခင္းက ေနာက္ ထပ္အေရးအခင္း ကုိျဖစ္ေစသည္။ ရခုိင္ျပည္ နယ္ ၏အရပ္ေဒသမ်ားစြာတြင္သတ္မွတ္ခ်ိန္အတြင္းအျပင္မထြက္ရအမိန္႔ထုတ္ ထားရသည္။
In Kyaukphyu town, starving dogs sniff through the ashes while municipal workers heave scrap metal into a truck. The only Muslim left in town is Ngwe Shin, an old woman suffering from mental illness. She can often be found near the market, shuffling past vandalized or shuttered homes.
ေက်ာက္ျဖဴၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ငတ္ျပတ္ေနေသာေခြးမ်ားက ျပာပုံေတြထဲ အနံ႔ခံအစာရွာေနစဥ္ စည္ပင္သာယာဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားက သတၲဳအပိုင္းအစမ်ားကုိ ကုန္တင္ယာဥ္ေပၚသုိ႔ တင္ေနၾကသည္။ ၿမိဳ႕ထဲ တြင္ က်န္ရစ္သည့္ တစ္ဦးတည္းေသာ မြတ္စ္လင္မ္မွာ စိတ္ေရာဂါသည္ အဖြားအုိ ေဒၚေငြရွင္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ သူမကုိ ေစ်းအနီးရွိ လုယက္ဖ်က္ဆီးခံထားရေသာ (သုိ႔) စုတ္ျပတ္ သတ္ေနေသာ အိမ္မ်ားအနီးတြင္ မၾကာခဏေတြ႕ရသည္။
(Additional reporting by Martin Petty and Reuter’s staff; Editing by Bill Tarrant and Michael Williams)
(မာတင္ပီတီႏွင့္ ႐ုိက္တာဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားက သတင္းေရးသား၍ ဘီလ္တာရန္႔ႏွင့္ မုိက္ကယ္ဝီလီယမ္တုိ႔က တည္းျဖတ္သည္။)
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